Reform ‘Research and Development’ Expenditure Accounting and
Better Reflect the Role of Innovative Motivation
Xu Xianchun，Zheng Xuegong
Abstract：In pursuit for reflecting the driving effect of innovation on economic growth，and further promoting the national economic accounting to adopt a more international standard，China National Bureau of Statistics has formally implemented the reform of accounting methods for research and development （R&D） expenditure since 2016. This article reviewed the worldwide development process of R&D accounting，illustrated three important implications for China to carry out this reform，concluded some basic principles and international experience of R&D accounting，and discussed the differences between national economic accounting，statistical survey and financial accounting in dealing with R&D expenditure. This article also elaborated the specific details of reform content and its influence on China’s total GDP，GDP growth rate and GDP structure from three perspectives，namely R&D output accounting，R&D capital stock and R&D’s expenditure included in GDP accounting.
Key Words：Reform，R&D Expenditure，Accounting Methods，Innovation，Economic Growth
The Road of Innovative Development with Chinese
Characteristics：From Version 1.0 to 4.0
Hu Angang，Zhang Xin
Abstract：At the core position of China’s 13th Five-Year Plan for social and economic development，innovation development is the first driving force for economic growth with fast rate，high efficiency and sustainability. How to promote and realize innovation development? And how to realize the strategic goal of establishing an innovative country? From the perspective of the rules of innovation development，a theoretical framework of leapfrog development is proposed，named “5T+1” mode，based on which this article reviewed the evolving process of China’s innovation development from 1.0 version to 4.0 version，and analyzed how China completed “technology catch-up”，“digital catch-up”，“knowledge catch-up”，and “economic catch-up”. It further elaborated on the objectives，tasks and major projects of innovation development strategy for 13th Five-Year Plan，which will become the greatest promoter to lead scientific and technological development and facilitate comprehensive innovation，so as to push China’s capacity of science，technology and innovation abilities to a new stage.
Key Words：Innovation Development，“5t+1” Mode，Science and Technology Innovation，Comprehensive Innovation，Innovation Development Strategy
Epoch Landmark and Strategic Thinking of Innovation-Driven
Development Under the “13th Five-Year Plan”
Xue Lan，Zhao Jing
Abstract：The rapid development of global technology and the new challenges of economic and social development lead to the innovation that plays the key role in changing the economic and social development pattern and achieving industry transformation and upgrading. This paper analyzes the innovation in China and points out that the government needs to make comprehensive policy design for the unbalanced development and multi-innovation pattern，and to resolve the maladies within the innovation system. To realize the strategy of innovation-driven development，we need to ensure the progress of both the technology innovation and mechanism innovation，strengthen innovation policy studies，combine culture creativity with technology innovation，maintain the economic and industry innovation，and improve scientific governance system.
Key Words：Innovation Development，Strategy of Innovation-driven Development，Current Innovation and Problems
From New Situation to New National Policy：Strategic
Thinking of Actively Coping with the Aging Population
Lu Jiehua，Guo Ran
Abstract：Since the 21st century，China has experienced a much rapider process of aging population . In order to actively cope with the new situation of the seriously increasing aging population，and to ensure the social and economic development and the needs of the long-term stability of the nation，there is an urgent call to determine future strategic framework from the perspective of basic national policy. In this study，we start with arguing that aging population is a new basic national condition and need to be tackled seriously. Secondly，we analyze the main characteristics of the process of China’s aging population and the potential challenges of solving it. Finally，we need comprehensive，persistent and prospective strategic thinking to deal with aging population，and prompt top-level design from perspective of national policy. This is also the guarantee for the realization of two-century goals and realize the great goal of Chinese Dream.
Key Words：Actively Cope with the Aging Population，Basic National Condition，Basic National Policy，Strategic Thinking
The Reconstruction of the Ethics of Filial Piety and the
Countermeasures of Aging Population
Peng Xizhe，Guo Dejun
Abstract：In the process of the formulation and operation of public policies to cope with aging population，there should be clear value idea and holistic ethical system so that relevant policies will have better effectiveness. This paper takes a dynamic evolutional review of the traditional ethics of filial piety，and discusses the negative impact of the decline of filial piety and the weakened family support function on old people’s wellbeing. The author proposes that coping with aging challenge should take a more comprehensive view，restructure the filial piety with new components and present values，create the cultural atmosphere for the promotion of the filial piety in the modern context，and make the ethics of filial piety permeate all aspects of life through various ways and other countermeasures.
Key Words：Aging Population，Public Policy，The Value Idea of Policies，Ethical System，The Ethics of Filial Piety
Long-term Care Insuvance：International Experience and Model Choice
Tang Jun
Summary：Domestieally Academic circles have studied，the disabled elders and long-term care system at least for ten years. This paper starts with that ageing hasten long-term care services and insurance，compare and integrate many related research results，combine with national conditions to choice and refine，try to find out the right way and model for establishing long-term care insurance system in China.
Key Words：Long-term Care，Long-term Care Insurance，The Disabled Elders，The Completely Disabled Elders
Analysis on the Development Trend of Individual Account in
Basic Endowment Insurance of Urban Employees
Li Zhen，Huang Wanding
Summary：A product of efficiency concept as the individual account in the basic endowment insurance of urban employees is，it is proved to be an invalid system by the practices in the past twenty years.If the individual account is still placed in the framework of the basic endowment insurance system，the problems cannot be solved by either implementation or nominal account. This paper holds the opinion that the thinking about individual accounts must be based on the theoretical premise that individual accounts shall not be deemed as insurance，not to mention social insurance.A thorough reform must separate the individual account from the basic endowment insurance to establish a voluntary individual endowment saving system and to realize clear ownership of “public and private”and clear responsibilities and rights of “government，society and indivduals”. Meanwhile，the multi-support senior income guarantee system which is applicable for all the people can be optimized under the supply-side structural reform.
Key Words：Basic Endowment Insurance for Urban Employees，Personal Account，Separation Between Personal Accounts and Social Pool
Analysis of the Development Path of the Health Care Reform in
China Based on the Perspective of Supply-side Reform
Huang Guowu
Abstract：At present，the reform of health care is stepping into its abyssal zone in China，although the increasing financial input，but the national sense of satisfy is not strong. This requires us to adjust the traditional ideas and methods of reform，to re-examine the health system in our country. The supply side of the reform perspective provides an effective path. We need to reform deeply the total and structure of supply，especially adjustment of the factors of production structure，such as the proportion of doctors and nurses，capital and labor，and primary care service supply ratio for reasonable optimization. From the practice of domestic and international experience，the supply side reforms，in the cost of the optimal conditions，the effective supply as much as possible to increase the medical services；narrowing the gap between supply and demand，alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of medical service especially the quality of medical services，Improving national satisfaction in the process of reform.
Key Words：Health Care Reform，Supply-side Reform，Production Factors，Structure of Supply
Game Analysis of Government and Corporate in Land-based
Marine Pollution Governance
Zhang Jiping，Wang Yifei，Li Qianghua
Abstract：The paper aims to analyze management and pollution discharge before the generation of land-based pollution，policy making and negotiation when land-based pollution worsens，and monitoring and pollution governance during the governance of land-based pollution of government and corporate，from the view angel of different stages of land-based marine pollution governance，and by the guidance of the game theory and the economic methodology.We try to change the conventional thinking of government and corporate，introduce other governing subjects and strengthen the management mechanism of punishment constraint to improve the main body structure and external environment of them in land-based marine pollution governance.
Key Words：Land-based Marine Pollution，Game Theory，Governing Subject，Interest Bias
New-type Urbanization and Modernization of Planning and Governance
Chen Xiaotong，He Tairan，Li Zeyu，Yang Xuedong
Abstract：The paper discussed the modernization of planning and governance in the process of new-type urbanization in China.Urban planning generates from the development of modern cities.It is an important factor in the governance of modern country and a basic method of valid governance of a city.China is experiencing with the largest urbanization process throughout the history.City will become the main subject and basic unit of national governance in China.Therefore，the existing problems and improved routes and critical points in Chinese urban planning from the perspective of national governance modernization.
Key Words：New-Type Urbanization，Planning and Governance，Governance Modernization
Research of Strengthening Legislation
Procedure Construction of Local Government
Liu Gangzhu
Abstract：Procedural norms are the premise and basis of entities performing correctly.Government legislation should put emphasis on procedural norms.From the perspective of the legislation practices of local government，there are some unsatisfactory problems either in project selection or in the phases of draft，review，coordination，decision and publication.The critical point for strengthening the legislative procedures of government is to properly handle with the five phases，namely subject selection，drafting，review，discussion and publication.It is also required to improve system and refine procedures in these five phases to find a new way of local government legislation with Chinese characteristics.
Key Words：Local Government，Procedure，Construction
Legalization of Social Stability Risk Assessment of
China in Transition：Challenge and Response
Yang Dan，Song Yinghua
Abstract：The social stability risk assessment is an important creation of the government to strengthen and innovate social governance，which plays a significant role in preventing and reducing social risks.Currently，the social stability risk during the period of social transition intensifies，which hinders the transition and upgrading of society.The well-ordered development of “stability assessment”must depend on the way of legalization，which is the intrinsic requirement of “comprehensively implement the rule of law”.The legalization of “stability assessment”is required to put effort on legal construction，information disclosure and monitoring，collaboration of main bodies and the composite regulatory responsibility，etc.
Key Words：Social Transition，Major Events，Social Stability Risk Assessment，Rigid Constraint
Systematic Orientation and Improvement Route of
Compensation System for Eco-environmental Damage
Cheng Duowei，Wang Canfa
Abstract：Environmental civil public interest litigation has binary theoretical basis and unitary legal purpose. The current ecological and environmental damages litigation is a special type of civil litigation system with the same legal purpose as environmental civil public interest litigation but different theoretical basis from it. To improve the ecological and environmental damages system，it is the core to strengthen the integration of environmental public interest judicial system and it is the key to grasp the multi role of the government in ecological and environmental damages litigation.
Key Words：Ecological and Environmental Damages，Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation，Systematic Location，Path of Perfection
Exploration and Practice of Administrative Supervision in the
New Democratic Revolutionary Period
Zhou Lei
Abstract：The Communist Party of China had established three types of administrative supervision institutions：the worker and peasant supervisory agency，the council system and the people’s supervisory organ. The New democratic revolutionary regime of base areas provided the necessary security in the following areas：national institution，organization，legislation and so on. The Administrative Supervision has played an important role in building a clean government and Combating corruption. The administrative supervision in revolutionary base areas reflects the democratic elements across time and space，Providing high reference value for today’s administrative reform.
Key Words：Administrative Supervision，The Supervisory System，The Legal History of Revolutionary Base Areas
Analysis of the Opening Degree of Urban Household
Registration and Its Influencing Factors in China
——Based on the assessment of 63 sample cities nationwide
Liu Jinwei
Abstract：According to the general requirements of the reform of household registration system，combined with the urban household registration reform program. On the basis of data collection，the index system of urban household registration openness is established. The quantitative method was used to evaluate the 63 sample cities with a relatively dense population of migrants. Based on the evaluation results，the author summarizes the overall status and features of urban household registration open degree，analyzes the main influencing factors and puts forward some pertinent suggestions. The research results can provide the basis for the reform of the household registration system in China.
Key Words：City，Household Registration Openness，Evaluation
Will Aging Pomlation Lead to New Rural Cooperative Medical
Insurance System go “Bankruptcy”
——Based on the Evaluation of Financial Burden Rate
Zhu Huoyun，Gao Herong
Abstract：Financial sustainability of the NRCMIS subsidies by public finance is the key of system operation along with increasingly serious of aging population in our country. In financial subsidies burden model，we separate demographic structure factor from other factors to build population factor. Furthermore，we decompose the population factor into the elderly population factor and non-elderly population factor，and assess the effect of aging population on financial burden rate of NRCMIS between 2013-2100. The result shows that the rate is always much low and appear to inverted “U” type which we can divide into three stages. First，financial burden rate is increasing year by year with aging rate which generate positive effect from 2013-2033. Second，the aging rate keeps increasing，but the financial burden rate steadily declines from 2034-2070. At last，financial burden rate is decreasing year by year with aging rate which generate negative effect from 2071-2100.The reason of this result is determined by demographic structure in our country. Increasing elderly population is consistent with the declining of non-elderly population and the total population. The positive effect of aging population on health care costs is offset by negative effect of total population on health care costs.
Key Words：Aging Population，Financial Burden Rate，Population Factor，Finance Sustainability
Cooperative Governance of Mass Organization：A Social Network Analysis Framework
—— An Empirical Analysis Based on C city
Zhang Bo
Abstract：Mass organization collaboration governance is the inner requirement of national governance capability and management system modernization，and also a significant part of mass organization reform. This article，based on the collaboration governance theory，has analyzed 15 mass organizations in C city，with method of social network analysis，and measured them with indexes of degree centrality，betweenness centrality，and cohesive subgroups. At the same time，through analysis of cohesive subgroups and visual collaboration network portrayed by Ucinet drawing tool，the structure status and interaction way between mass organizations have been described. The study result shows：mass organization in C city has a low density of the collaboration network，and has little contact each other. As the core mass organizations，the labor union，the communist youth league，and the women’s federation have been acting as the middleman in collaboration governance of C city，but the multicenter network structure of them has not taken shape，so that the synergistic effect among them is not obvious. All of above shows，as a pilot city，C city have to innovate focusing on collaboration governance framework，mechanism，and net-cooperation of mass organization，thus promote its mass organization governance performance and realize synergetic development.
Key Words：Massorganization，Social Network Analysis，Collaboration Governance
Is Innovation-Driven Mode of “Central
Government+Enterprises+Local Governments” Sustainable?
Fan jida
Abstract：During recent years，the driving force from factors and investment are continuously decreasing in China. The existed development mode and methods urgently need re-aiming at. To be prepared for and lead the new normal of economic development，it requires stepping up efforts to provide with side structural reform efforts，transforming economic developing method from comparative-advantage strategy to competitive-power upgrading strategy，eliminating the deep obstruction in the development of innovation driven mode，playing the role of collaborative innovation by “central government + enterprises + local government”，making new growing engine，fostering new growing driving force，so as to lead China to transform from Chasing-type to leading-type.
Key Words：Innovation-Driven，Transforming Type，Central Government，Enterprises，Local Governments
Conflicts between Farmland Expropriation and Urban
Construction Land and Countermeasures
Chen Zengshuai，Yuan Wei
Abstract：the problems of wide scope of requisition and compensation standard is too low in China’s land expropriation in the process of urbanization，the deep reason is land expropriation and urban construction with four groups of closely related to the inherent contradictions，namely investment promotion pressure and contradiction of industrial land prices low，the contradiction of residential land the proportion of low and high price residential contradictions，enterprise survival and construction land use short，long period of the contradiction between the demand of single category facilities and diversification of the. For the above contradiction，this paper puts forward to solve land expropriation and urban construction land contradictory advice：in the operation of rural collective construction land into the city as a breakthrough，to narrow the scope of land requisition；encourage the use of collective land for construction of standard factory building，and to avoid idle land lease；introduction of operations management enterprises in the industrial park. Implementation of land saving and intensive management.
Key Words：Rural Land Expropriation，Urban Construction Land，Economical and Intensive Management
The Solutions of the Conflicts and Disputes Involving
Ethnic Factors under the New Situation
——Also on “More-Leniency ” Policy Reflection
Li Jian
Abstract：Based on the interpretation of “On Strengthening and Improving the Ethnic minonties Work under the New Situation”，the solution of ordinary criminal or civil disputes which involving ethnic factors should not be considered as “ethnic issues” but should be back to the legal track at the same time. To make a “special” consideration against the disputes which involving ethnic factors or have mercy on the minorities in law enforcement or judicial activities originated from the “More-Leniency ” and other related national policies，which not only has a doubt on the basis of rationality but also have a lot of problems and drawbacks in practice activities. It should be considered that the historical mission of “More-Leniency ” and other related national policies has been completed in the background of “Promoting the Rule of Law” and we must establish the legal idea to resolve disputes which involving ethnic factors.
Key Words：Conflicts and Disputes，The Rule of Law，“More-Leniency ” National Policy
China’s Demographic Development Strategy
Han Yue
Abstract：In less than 50 years，our country has gone through the demographic changes that developed countries have taken a hundred years to make，a miracle of demographic development. As a great developing country having a population of over 1 billion，our country has always been restrained from comprehensively coordinated sustainable development by the issue of population，a serous one，which is a key factor that affects economic and social development. Any mistake in demographic matters will have a long-term effect on economic and social development，which is difficult to reverse. In the plan for our country’s demographic development strategy，the two-children policy generally implemented in our country fits the times，indicates public wills，and complies with the law of demographic development，helpful for stabilizing the slightly-low birth rate，in favor of facilitating the harmony between families and societies，and for the good of promoting sustainable and healthy economic development.
Key Words：Demographic Development Strategy，Comprehensive two-children，Family-Planning Policies，Balanced Demographic Development
OIRA：the Gatekeeper of Rulemaking in USA
Jin Chengbo
Abstract：As the department to review rulemaking in USA，OIRA’s role transferred from gatekeeper to consultant，and then came back to gatekeeper. The core responsibility of OIRA is reviewing rulemaking，which contains formal and informal procedure，it plays an very important role in the history of rulemaking. OIRA is enlightenment to our administrative legislation review，especially in the responsibility，content and procedure of the review.
Key Words：OIRA，Rulemaking，the Responsibility of Review，the Procedure of Review，Enlightenment
Issues on the Application of Public Policy under Judicial
Review Proceeding of Commercial Arbitration in Japan
Zhang Xingwei
Abstract：The Tokyo local court made the first adjudication for setting aside a domestic foreign-related arbitral award，for violating the procedural public policy of Japan，which has enlarged its power of judicial review. This article analyzes the rule of public policy under the Arbitration Law of Japan and its application issues in legal practice，and summarizes some suggestions for improving the correct application of public policy theory by the Japanese court，in order to reduce the barriers to recognize and enforce international commercial arbitral awards in Japan.
Key Words： International Commercial Arbitration，Judicial Review，Public Policy
The Relationship between Government and Administrative-Approval-
Intermediaries：Lessons from the US in Private Construction Projects
Zhang Nan-di-yang
Abstract：The exploration of relationship between government and administrative-approval-intermediaries is essential for deepening administrative approval reforms in China. This article analyses the composition of administrative-approval-intermediaries in the US in private construction projects，their roles，and the government regulation system. It argues that market is active under proper regulations from the government who achieved cooperation with intermediaries. Experiences from the US may provide references for China’s reform.
Key Words：Intermediaries，Administrative Approvals，the US
